Medical device including manipulable portion with connected elongate members

ABSTRACT

A medical system may include a shaft member and a structure physically coupled to the shaft member. A portion of the shaft member may be sized to be delivered through a bodily opening leading to a bodily cavity. The structure may include at least two flexible couplings, each flexible coupling extending transversely from an intermediate portion of a respective one of at least two elongate members of the structure. The flexible coupling extending transversely from the intermediate portion of a first one of the at least two elongate members forms at least a part of a first closed loop arranged to receive a portion of the flexible coupling of a second one of the at least two elongate members therethrough to limit a spacing between the intermediate portions of the first and the second ones of the at least two elongate members.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of prior U.S. patent application Ser.No. 15/978,609, filed May 14, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 14/579,234, filed Dec. 22, 2014, now U.S.Pat. No. 9,993,160, issued Jun. 12, 2018, which claims priority benefitof U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/924,525, filed Jan. 7, 2014. Theentire disclosure of the applications cited in this paragraph is herebyincorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Aspects of this disclosure generally are related to a medical devicesystem including a manipulable portion that includes connected elongatemembers. In some embodiments, a structure of the manipulable portionincludes the elongate members, and the structure is selectively movablebetween a delivery configuration and an expanded or deployedconfiguration.

BACKGROUND

Cardiac surgery was initially undertaken using highly invasive openprocedures. A sternotomy, which is a type of incision in the center ofthe chest that separates the sternum, was typically employed to allowaccess to the heart. In the past several decades, more and more cardiacoperations are performed using intravascular or percutaneous techniques,where access to inner organs or other tissue is gained via a catheter.

Intravascular or percutaneous surgeries benefit patients by reducingsurgery risk, complications and recovery time. However, the use ofintravascular or percutaneous technologies also raises some particularchallenges. Medical devices used in intravascular or percutaneoussurgery need to be deployed via catheter systems which significantlyincrease the complexity of the device structure. Accordingly, a need inthe art exists for improved intravascular or percutaneously deployedcatheter systems.

SUMMARY

At least the above-discussed need is addressed and technical solutionsare achieved by various embodiments of the present invention. In someembodiments, a medical system includes a shaft member and a structure.The shaft member may include a portion sized to be delivered through abodily opening leading to a bodily cavity. The structure may bephysically coupled to the shaft member. The structure may include aplurality of elongate members. Each elongate member of the plurality ofelongate members may include a proximal end, a distal end, and arespective intermediate portion positioned between the respectiveproximal end and the respective distal end. The structure may beselectively moveable between a delivery configuration in which thestructure is suitably sized to be delivered through the bodily openingto the bodily cavity, and an expanded configuration in which thestructure has a size too large to be delivered through the bodilyopening to the bodily cavity. The respective intermediate portions of atleast two of the plurality of elongate members may be angularly spacedwith respect to one another about an axis when the structure is in theexpanded configuration. The structure may include at least two flexiblecouplings. Each flexible coupling may extend transversely (e.g., in adirection having a directional component extending transversely) fromthe intermediate portion of a respective one of the at least two of theplurality of elongate members. Each location on the intermediate portionfrom which the flexible coupling extends transversely may be spaced fromeach of the proximal and distal ends of the respective one of the atleast two of the plurality of elongate members. The flexible couplingextending transversely from the intermediate portion of at least a firstone of the at least two of the plurality of elongate members may form atleast a part of a first closed loop arranged to receive a portion of theflexible coupling of a second one of the at least two of the pluralityof elongate members therethrough to limit a spacing between theintermediate portions of the first and the second ones of the at leasttwo of the plurality of elongate members to not exceed a defined amountwhen the structure is in the expanded configuration.

In some embodiments, the flexible coupling extending transversely fromthe intermediate portion of the second one of the at least two of theplurality of elongate members forms at least part of a second closedloop. In some embodiments, no portion of the flexible coupling extendingtransversely from the intermediate portion of the first one of the atleast two of the plurality of elongate members is received through thesecond loop at least when the spacing between the respective locationsof the first and the second ones of the at least two of the plurality ofelongate members is sized by the defined amount. In some embodiments, noportion of the flexible coupling extending transversely from theintermediate portion of the first one of the at least two of theplurality of elongate members is received through the second loop whenthe flexible coupling extending transversely from the intermediateportion of the first one of the at least two of the plurality ofelongate members is tensioned. In some embodiments, each of the firstand the second closed loops extends along a respective continuous closedpath, each respective continuous closed path not encircling the otherrespective continuous closed path. In some embodiments, the continuousclosed path of the first closed loop does not pass through thecontinuous closed path of the second closed loop. In some embodiments,the continuous closed path of the second closed loop does pass throughthe continuous closed path of the first closed loop.

In some embodiments, at least another part of the first closed loop isformed by at least a part of the intermediate portion of the first oneof the at least two of the plurality of elongate members.

In some embodiments, the flexible coupling extending transversely fromthe intermediate portion of the first one of the at least two of theplurality of elongate members includes a first end portion, a second endportion, and an elongate portion extending between the first end portionand the second end portion, at least one of the first end portion andthe second end portion physically coupled to the intermediate portion ofthe first one of the at least two of the plurality of elongate members.In some embodiments, the intermediate portion of the first one of the atleast two of the plurality of elongate members includes a plurality ofmaterial layers and each of the at least one of the first end portionand the second end portion is physically coupled to the intermediateportion of the first one of the at least two of the plurality ofelongate members at a location between a respective pair of adjacentones of the plurality of material layers.

In some embodiments, the flexible coupling extending transversely fromthe intermediate portion of the first one of the at least two of theplurality of elongate members includes a first end portion, a second endportion, and an elongate portion extending between the first end portionand the second end portion, each of the first end portion and the secondend portion physically coupled to the intermediate portion of the firstone of the at least two of the plurality of elongate members.

In some embodiments, the intermediate portion of at least the second oneof the at least two of the plurality of elongate members includes athickness, a first side, a second side, and an aperture extending acrossthe thickness from the first side to the second side, the first closedloop arranged to extend through the aperture in the intermediate portionof the second one of the at least two of the plurality of elongatemembers.

In some embodiments, the intermediate portion of at least the second oneof the at least two of the plurality of elongate members comprises athickness, a first side, a second side, and an aperture extending acrossthe thickness from the first side to the second side, and wherein thefirst closed loop extends along a path from the intermediate portion ofthe first one of the at least two of the plurality of elongate membersthrough the aperture from the second side to the first side of theintermediate portion of the second one of the at least two of theplurality of elongate members to a location where the portion of theflexible coupling of the second one of the at least two of the pluralityof elongate members is arranged to extend through the first closed loop.The second side may face inwardly toward the axis when the structure isin the expanded configuration and the first side may face outwardly awayfrom the axis when the structure is in the expanded configuration.

In some embodiments, the intermediate portion of at least the second oneof the at least two of the plurality of elongate members includes athickness, a first side, a second side, and an aperture extending acrossthe thickness from the first side to the second side, and wherein thefirst closed loop is arranged to extend through the aperture from thesecond side to the first side of the intermediate portion of the secondone of the at least two of the plurality of elongate members, andwherein the aperture is sized to restrict movement of the first closedloop through the aperture from the first side toward the second side ofthe intermediate portion of the second one of the at least two of theplurality of elongate members when the portion of the flexible couplingof the second one of the at least two of the plurality of elongatemembers extends through the first closed loop. In some embodiments, themedical system may include one or more transducers located on the firstside of the intermediate portion of the second one of the at least twoof the plurality of elongate members.

In some embodiments, the medical system includes one or more transducerslocated on the structure. In some embodiments, the medical systemincludes one or more transducers located on each of at least one of theat least two of the plurality of elongate members.

Various systems may include combinations and subsets of all the systemssummarized above.

In some embodiments, some or all of any of the systems or devicessummarized above or otherwise described herein, or one or morecombinations thereof, may be controlled by one or more control methodsfor executing some or all of the functionality of such systems ordevices summarized above or otherwise described herein. In someembodiments, a computer program product may be provided that includesprogram code portions for performing some or all of any of such controlmethods, when the computer program product is executed by a computingdevice. The computer program product may be stored on one or morecomputer-readable storage mediums. In some embodiments, each of the oneor more computer-readable storage mediums is a non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium. In some embodiments, such controlmethods are implemented or executed in part or in whole by at least onedata processing device or system upon configuration thereof by one ormore programs executable by the at least one data processing device orsystem and stored in one or more computer-readable storage mediums. Insome embodiments, each of the one or more computer-readable storagemediums is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

It is to be understood that the attached drawings are for purposes ofillustrating aspects of various embodiments and may include elementsthat are not to scale.

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a system according to exampleembodiments, system including a data processing device system, aninput-output device system, and a memory device system.

FIG. 2 is a cutaway diagram of a heart showing a manipulable portionpercutaneously placed in a left atrium of a heart according to exampleembodiments.

FIG. 3A is a partially schematic representation of a medical devicesystem according to example embodiments, the medical device systemincluding a data processing device system, an input-output devicesystem, a memory device system, and a manipulable portion having aplurality of transducers and an expandable structure shown in a deliveryor unexpanded configuration.

FIG. 3B is the medical device system of FIG. 3A with the expandablestructure shown in a deployed or expanded configuration, according toexample embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a transducer-based device thatincludes a flexible circuit structure according to example embodiments.

FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 5E, 5F, 5G, 5H-1, and 5H-2 illustrate apparatusfor, among other things, connecting the elongate members of amanipulable portion, such as that shown in FIGS. 2, 3A, and 3B, whichmay limit spacing between elongate members according to exampleembodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description, certain specific details are set forth inorder to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments of theinvention. However, one skilled in the art will understand that theinvention may be practiced without one or more of these details. In someinstances, well-known structures have not been shown or described indetail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring descriptions of variousembodiments of the invention.

Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “anembodiment” or “an example embodiment” or “an illustrated embodiment” or“a particular embodiment” and the like means that a particular feature,structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodimentis included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of thephrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” or “in an exampleembodiment” or “in this illustrated embodiment” or “in this particularembodiment” and the like in various places throughout this specificationare not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore,the particular features, structures or characteristics of differentembodiments may be combined in any suitable manner to form one or moreother embodiments.

Unless otherwise explicitly noted or required by context, the word “or”is used in this disclosure in a non-exclusive sense. In addition, unlessotherwise explicitly noted or required by context, the word “set” isintended to mean one or more, and the word “subset” is intended to meana set having the same or fewer elements of those present in the subset'sparent or superset.

Further, the phrase “at least” is used herein merely to emphasize thepossibility that other elements may exist besides those explicitlylisted. However, unless otherwise explicitly noted (such as by the useof the term “only”) or required by context, non-usage herein of thephrase “at least” nonetheless includes the possibility that otherelements may exist besides those explicitly listed. For example, thephrase ‘based at least upon A’ includes A as well as the possibility ofone or more other additional elements or functions besides A. In thesame manner, the phrase, ‘based upon A’ includes A, as well as thepossibility of one or more other additional elements or functionsbesides A. However, the phrase, ‘based only upon A’ includes only A. Foranother similar example, each of the phrases ‘configured at least to A’and ‘configured to at least A’ includes a configuration to perform A, aswell as the possibility of one or more other additional actions besidesA. In the same manner, the phrase ‘configured to A’ includes aconfiguration to perform A, as well as the possibility of one or moreother additional actions besides A. However, the phrase ‘configured onlyto A’, for example, means a configuration to perform only A.

The word “ablation” as used in this disclosure should be understood toinclude, for example, any disruption to certain properties of tissue.Most commonly, the disruption is to the electrical conductivity and isachieved by heating, which can be generated with resistive orradio-frequency (RF) techniques for example. However, any othertechnique for such disruption may be included when the term “ablation”is used, such as mechanical, chemical, or optical techniques.

The word “fluid” as used in this disclosure should be understood toinclude, for example, any fluid that can be contained within a bodilycavity or can flow into or out of, or both into and out of a bodilycavity via one or more bodily openings positioned in fluid communicationwith the bodily cavity. In the case of cardiac applications, fluid suchas blood flows into and out of various intra-cardiac cavities (e.g., aleft atrium or right atrium).

The phrase “bodily opening” as used in this disclosure should beunderstood to include, for example, a naturally occurring bodily openingor channel or lumen; a bodily opening or channel or lumen or perforationformed by an instrument or tool using techniques that can include, butare not limited to, mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, andexposure or illumination techniques; a bodily opening or channel orlumen formed by trauma to a body; or various combinations of one or moreof the above. Various elements having respective openings, lumens orchannels and positioned within the bodily opening (e.g., a cathetersheath or catheter introducer) may be present in various embodiments.These elements may provide a passageway through a bodily opening forvarious devices employed in various embodiments.

The phrase “bodily cavity” as used in this disclosure should beunderstood to mean a cavity in a body. The bodily cavity may be a cavityprovided in a bodily organ (e.g., an intra-cardiac cavity or chamber ofa heart). The bodily cavity may be provided by a bodily vessel.

The word “tissue” as used in some embodiments in this disclosure shouldbe understood to include, for example, any surface-forming tissue thatis used to form a surface of a body or a surface within a bodily cavity,a surface of an anatomical feature or a surface of a feature associatedwith a bodily opening positioned in fluid communication with the bodilycavity. The tissue can include, for example, part or all of a tissuewall or membrane that defines a surface of the bodily cavity. In thisregard, the tissue can form an interior surface of the cavity thatsurrounds a fluid within the cavity. In the case of cardiacapplications, tissue can include, for example, tissue used to form aninterior surface of an intra-cardiac cavity such as a left atrium orright atrium. In some embodiments, tissue is non-excised tissue. In someembodiments, the word tissue can refer to a tissue having fluidicproperties (e.g., blood).

The term “transducer” as used in this disclosure should be interpretedbroadly as any device capable of distinguishing between fluid andtissue, sensing temperature, creating heat, ablating tissue, measuringelectrical activity of a tissue surface, stimulating tissue, or anycombination thereof. A transducer can convert input energy of one forminto output energy of another form. Without limitation, a transducer caninclude, for example, an electrode that functions as, or as part of, asensing device included in the transducer, an energy delivery deviceincluded in the transducer, or both a sensing device and an energydelivery device included in the transducer. A transducer may beconstructed from several parts, which may be discrete components or maybe integrally formed.

The term “program” in this disclosure should be interpreted as a set ofinstructions or modules that can be executed by one or more componentsin a system, such as a controller system or data processing devicesystem, in order to cause the system to perform one or more operations.The set of instructions or modules can be stored by any kind of memorydevice, such as those described subsequently with respect to the memorydevice system 130 shown in FIG. 1. In addition, instructions or modulesof a program may be described as being configured to cause theperformance of a function or action.

The phrase “configured to” in this context is intended to include, forexample, at least (a) instructions or modules that are presently in aform executable by one or more data processing devices to causeperformance of the function (e.g., in the case where the instructions ormodules are in a compiled and unencrypted form ready for execution), and(b) instructions or modules that are presently in a form not executableby the one or more data processing devices, but could be translated intothe form executable by the one or more data processing devices to causeperformance of the function (e.g., in the case where the instructions ormodules are encrypted in a non-executable manner, but throughperformance of a decryption process, would be translated into a formready for execution). The word “module” can be defined as a set ofinstructions.

The word “device” and the phrase “device system” both are intended toinclude, for example, one or more physical devices or sub-devices (e.g.,pieces of equipment) that interact to perform one or more functions,regardless of whether such devices or sub-devices are located within asame housing or different housings. In this regard, the word “device”may equivalently be referred to as a “device system”.

Further, the phrase “in response to” may be used in this disclosure. Forexample, this phrase might be used in the following context, where anevent A occurs in response to the occurrence of an event B. In thisregard, such phrase includes, for example, that at least the occurrenceof the event B causes or triggers the event A.

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a system 100, according to someembodiments. The system 100 may be a medical system and may include adata processing device system 110, an input-output device system 120,and a processor-accessible memory device system 130. Theprocessor-accessible memory device system 130 and the input-outputdevice system 120 are communicatively connected to the data processingdevice system 110.

The data processing device system 110 includes one or more dataprocessing devices that implement methods by controlling, driving, orotherwise interacting with various structural components describedherein, including, but not limited to, one or more of the variousstructural components illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3A, 3B, 4, and 5. Each ofthe phrases “data processing device”, “data processor”, “processor”, and“computer” is intended to include any data processing device, such as acentral processing unit (“CPU”), a desktop computer, a laptop computer,a mainframe computer, a tablet computer, a personal digital assistant, acellular phone, and any other device for processing data, managing data,or handling data, whether implemented with electrical, magnetic,optical, biological components, or otherwise.

The memory device system 130 includes one or more processor-accessiblememory devices configured to store information, including theinformation needed to execute various methods implemented by the dataprocessing device system 110. The memory device system 130 may be adistributed processor-accessible memory device system including multipleprocessor-accessible memory devices communicatively connected to thedata processing device system 110 via a plurality of computers and/ordevices. On the other hand, the memory device system 130 need not be adistributed processor-accessible memory system and, consequently, mayinclude one or more processor-accessible memory devices located within asingle housing or data processing device.

Each of the phrases “processor-accessible memory” and“processor-accessible memory device” is intended to include anyprocessor-accessible data storage device, whether volatile ornonvolatile, electronic, magnetic, optical, or otherwise, including butnot limited to, registers, floppy disks, hard disks, Compact Discs,DVDs, flash memories, ROMs, and RAMs. In some embodiments, each of thephrases “processor-accessible memory” and “processor-accessible memorydevice” is intended to include or be a processor-accessible (orcomputer-readable) data storage medium. In some embodiments, each of thephrases “processor-accessible memory” and “processor-accessible memorydevice” is intended to include or be a non-transitoryprocessor-accessible (or computer-readable) data storage medium. In someembodiments, the memory device system 130 may be considered to includeor be a non-transitory processor-accessible (or computer-readable) datastorage medium system.

The phrase “communicatively connected” is intended to include any typeof connection, whether wired or wireless, between devices, dataprocessors, or programs in which data may be communicated. Further, thephrase “communicatively connected” is intended to include a connectionbetween devices or programs within a single data processor, a connectionbetween devices or programs located in different data processors, and aconnection between devices not located in data processors at all. Inthis regard, although the memory device system 130 is shown separatelyfrom the data processing device system 110 and the input-output devicesystem 120, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the memorydevice system 130 may be located completely or partially within the dataprocessing device system 110 or the input-output device system 120.Further in this regard, although the input-output device system 120 isshown separately from the data processing device system 110 and thememory device system 130, one skilled in the art will appreciate thatsuch system may be located completely or partially within the dataprocessing system 110 or the memory device system 130, depending uponthe contents of the input-output device system 120. Further still, thedata processing device system 110, the input-output device system 120,and the memory device system 130 may be located entirely within the samedevice or housing or may be separately located, but communicativelyconnected, among different devices or housings. In the case where thedata processing device system 110, the input-output device system 120,and the memory device system 130 are located within the same device, thesystem 100 of FIG. 1 can be implemented by a single application-specificintegrated circuit (ASIC) in some embodiments.

The input-output device system 120 may include a mouse, a keyboard, atouch screen, a computer, a processor-accessible memory device, some orall of a catheter device system (e.g., FIGS. 2, 3A, 3B, 4, 5), or anydevice or combination of devices from which a desired selection, desiredinformation, instructions, or any other data is input to the dataprocessing device system 110. The input-output device system 120 mayinclude a user-activatable control system that is responsive to a useraction. The input-output device system 120 may include any suitableinterface for receiving a selection, information, instructions, or anyother data from other devices or systems described in various ones ofthe embodiments. In this regard, the input-output device system 120 mayinclude various ones or portions of other systems or devices describedin various embodiments.

The input-output device system 120 also may include an image generatingdevice system, a display device system, a processor-accessible memorydevice, some or all of a catheter device system (e.g., FIGS. 2, 3A, 3B,4, 5), or any device or combination of devices to which information,instructions, or any other data is output by the data processing devicesystem 110. In this regard, if the input-output device system 120includes a processor-accessible memory device, such memory device may ormay not form part or all of the memory device system 130. Theinput-output device system 120 may include any suitable interface foroutputting information, instructions, or any other data to other devicesor systems described in various ones of the embodiments. In this regard,the input-output device system 120 may include various other devices orsystems described in various embodiments.

Various embodiments of catheter systems are described herein. It shouldbe noted that any catheter system described herein may also be referredto as a medical system. Some of the described devices of such systemsare medical devices that are percutaneously or intravascularly deployed.Some of the described devices are deployed through a bodily opening thatis accessible without puncturing, cutting or otherwise perforatingbodily tissue to create an access to the bodily opening. Some of thedescribed devices employ transducer-based devices or device systems.Some of the described devices are moveable between a delivery orunexpanded configuration in which a portion of the device is sized,shaped, or both for passage through a bodily opening leading to a bodilycavity, and an expanded or deployed configuration in which the portionof the device has a size, shape, or both too large for passage throughthe bodily opening leading to the bodily cavity. An example of anexpanded or deployed configuration is when the portion of the cathetersystem is in its intended-deployed-operational state inside the bodilycavity. Another example of the expanded or deployed configuration iswhen the portion of the catheter system is being changed from thedelivery configuration to the intended-deployed-operational state to apoint where the portion of the device now has a size, shape, or both toolarge for passage through the bodily opening leading to the bodilycavity.

In some example embodiments, the catheter system includes transducersthat sense characteristics (e.g., convective cooling, permittivity,force) that distinguish between fluid, such as a fluidic tissue (e.g.,blood), and tissue forming an interior surface of the bodily cavity.Such sensed characteristics can allow a medical device system to map thecavity, for example using positions of openings or ports into and out ofthe cavity to determine a position or orientation (i.e., pose), or bothof the portion of the device in the bodily cavity. In some exampleembodiments, the described devices are capable of ablating tissue in adesired pattern within the bodily cavity. In some example embodiments,the devices are capable of sensing characteristics (e.g.,electrophysiological activity) indicative of whether an ablation hasbeen successful. In some example embodiments, the devices are capable ofproviding stimulation (e.g., electrical stimulation) to tissue withinthe bodily cavity. Electrical stimulation may include pacing.

FIG. 2 shows a medical system, according to some embodiments, which maybe a portion of a catheter system, according to some embodiments, suchportion including a transducer-based device 200, which may be at leastpart of a medical device useful in investigating or treating a bodilyorgan, for example a heart 202, according to some example embodiments.The transducer-based device 200 may also be referred to as a manipulableportion, due to its ability to have its size, shape, or both size andshape altered, according to some embodiments described below.Transducer-based device 200 can be percutaneously or intravascularlyinserted into a portion of the heart 202, such as an intra-cardiaccavity like left atrium 204.

In the example of FIG. 2, the illustrated portion of the catheter systemalso includes a catheter 206, which may be inserted via the inferiorvena cava 208 and may penetrate through a bodily opening in transatrialseptum 210 from right atrium 212. In other embodiments, other paths maybe taken.

Catheter 206 includes an elongated flexible rod or shaft memberappropriately sized to be delivered percutaneously or intravascularly.Various portions of catheter 206 may be steerable. Catheter 206 mayinclude one or more lumens. The lumen(s) may carry one or morecommunications or power paths, or both. For example, the lumens(s) maycarry one or more electrical conductors 216 (two shown in thisembodiment). Electrical conductors 216 provide electrical connections totransducer-based device 200 that are accessible externally from apatient in which the transducer-based device 200 is inserted.

In various embodiments, transducer-based device, or manipulable portion,200 includes a frame or structure 218, which assumes an unexpandedconfiguration for delivery to left atrium 204. Structure 218 is expanded(i.e., shown in a deployed or expanded configuration in FIG. 2) upondelivery to left atrium 204 to position a plurality of transducers 220(three called out in FIG. 2) proximate the interior surface formed bytissue 222 of left atrium 204. In this regard, it can be stated that oneor more of the transducers 220 are moveable with one or more parts ofthe transducer-based device, or manipulable portion, 200. In someembodiments, at least some of the transducers 220 are used to sense aphysical characteristic of a fluid (i.e., blood) or tissue 222, or both,that may be used to determine a position or orientation (i.e., pose), orboth, of a portion of transducer-based device 200 within, or withrespect to left atrium 204. For example, transducers 220 may be used todetermine a location of pulmonary vein ostia (not shown) or a mitralvalve 226, or both. In some embodiments, at least some of thetransducers 220 may be used to selectively ablate portions of the tissue222. For example, some of the transducers 220 may be used to ablate apattern or path around various ones of the bodily openings, ports orpulmonary vein ostia, for instance to reduce or eliminate the occurrenceof atrial fibrillation.

FIGS. 3A and 3B show a medical system, according to some embodiments,which may include a catheter system (i.e., a portion thereof shownschematically) that includes a transducer-based device 300 according tosome embodiments. The transducer-based device 300 may correspond to thetransducer-based device 200 and, in this regard, may also be referred toas a manipulable portion, due to its ability to have its size, shape, orboth size and shape altered, according to some embodiments describedbelow. Transducer-based device 300 may include a plurality of elongatemembers 304 (three called out in each of FIGS. 3A and 3B) and aplurality of transducers 306 (only some called out in each of FIGS. 3Aand 3B, and some are indicated with a lowercase letter after thereference numeral 306). As will become apparent, the plurality oftransducers 306 are positionable within a bodily cavity. For example, insome embodiments, the transducers 306 are able to be positioned in abodily cavity by movement into, within, or into and within the bodilycavity, with or without a change in a particular configuration of theplurality of transducers 306. In some embodiments, the plurality oftransducers 306 are arrangeable to form a two- or three-dimensionaldistribution, grid or array of the transducers capable of mapping,ablating, or stimulating an inside surface of a bodily cavity or lumenwithout requiring mechanical scanning. As shown, for example, in FIG.3A, the plurality of transducers 306 are arranged in a distributionreceivable in a bodily cavity, as the transducer-based device 300 andits plurality of transducers 306 are located within the catheter sheath312. Stated differently, in FIG. 3A, for example, the plurality oftransducers 306 are arranged in a distribution suitable for delivery toa bodily cavity. (It should also be noted, however, that the expanded ordeployed configuration (e.g., FIGS. 2, 3B) may also be considered tohave the transducers 306 arranged in a distribution receivable in abodily cavity, as the transducer-based device 300 and its transducers306 may be returned to the delivery configuration of FIG. 3A, forexample.) In some embodiments, each of the transducers 306 includes anelectrode 315 having an energy transmission surface 319 suitable fortransmitting energy in various directions. (Some of the electrodes 315are illustrated with a lowercase letter following the reference numeral315. Similarly, some of the energy transmission surfaces 319 areillustrated with a lowercase letter following the reference numeral319.) In some embodiments, tissue-ablating energy is transmitted towardor away from an electrode 315. In some embodiments, tissue-basedelectrophysiological energy is transmitted toward an electrode 315.

The elongate members 304 form part of a manipulable portion, and invarious embodiments, are arranged in a frame or structure 308 that isselectively moveable between an unexpanded or delivery configuration(e.g., as shown in FIG. 3A) and an expanded or deployed configuration(e.g., as shown in FIG. 3B) that may be used to position portions ofvarious ones of the elongate members 304 against a tissue surface withinthe bodily cavity or position portions of various ones of the elongatemembers 304 in the vicinity of or in contact with the tissue surface. Inthis regard, it may also be stated that the transducer-based device, ormanipulable portion, 300 is selectively moveable between an unexpandedor delivery configuration (e.g., as shown in FIG. 3A) and an expanded ordeployed configuration (e.g., as shown in FIG. 3B). In some embodiments,the transducer-based device, or manipulable portion, 300, (e.g., thestructure 308 thereof) has a size, shape, or both a size and a shape inthe unexpanded or delivery configuration suitable for percutaneousdelivery through a bodily opening (for example, via catheter sheath 312,not shown in FIG. 3B) to the bodily cavity. In some embodiments,structure 308 has a size, shape, or both a size and a shape in theexpanded or deployed configuration too large for percutaneous deliverythrough a bodily opening (i.e., via catheter sheath 312) to the bodilycavity. The elongate members 304 may form part of a flexible circuitstructure (i.e., also known as a flexible printed circuit board (PCB)circuit). The elongate members 304 can include a plurality of differentmaterial layers. The structure 308 can include a shape memory material,for instance Nitinol. The structure 308 can include a metallic material,for instance stainless steel, or non-metallic material, for instancepolyimide, or both a metallic and non-metallic material by way ofnon-limiting example. The incorporation of a specific material intostructure 308 may be motivated by various factors including the specificrequirements of each of the unexpanded or delivery configuration andexpanded or deployed configuration, the required position or orientation(i.e., pose) or both of structure 308 in the bodily cavity, or therequirements for successful ablation of a desired pattern. The number ofelongate members 304 depicted in FIG. 3B is non-limiting.

FIG. 4 is a schematic side elevation view of at least a portion of atransducer-based device 400 that includes a flexible circuit structure401 that is employed to provide a plurality of transducers 406 (twocalled out) (which may correspond to transducers 306) according to someembodiments. The transducer-based device 400 may be all or a portion ofa medical device, according to some embodiments. In some embodiments,the flexible circuit structure 401 may form part of a structure (e.g.,structure 308) that is selectively moveable between a deliveryconfiguration sized for percutaneous delivery and an expanded ordeployed configuration sized too large for percutaneous delivery. Insome embodiments, the flexible circuit structure 401 may be located on,or form at least part of, of a structural component (e.g., elongatemember 304) of a transducer-based device system.

The flexible circuit structure 401 can be formed by various techniquesincluding flexible printed circuit techniques. In some embodiments, theflexible circuit structure 401 includes various layers includingflexible layers 403 a, 403 b and 403 c (i.e., collectively flexiblelayers 403). In some embodiments, each of flexible layers 403 includesan electrical insulator material (e.g., polyimide). One or more of theflexible layers 403 can include a different material than another of theflexible layers 403. In some embodiments, the flexible circuit structure401 includes various electrically conductive layers 404 a, 404 b and 404c (collectively electrically conductive layers 404) that are interleavedwith the flexible layers 403. In some embodiments, each of theelectrically conductive layers 404 is patterned to form variouselectrically conductive elements. For example, electrically conductivelayer 404 a is patterned to form a respective electrode 415 of each ofthe transducers 406. Electrodes 415 (which may correspond to electrodes315) have respective electrode edges 415-1 that form a periphery of anelectrically conductive surface associated with the respective electrode415. FIG. 3B shows another example of electrode edges 315-1 andillustrates that the electrode edges can defineelectrically-conductive-surface-peripheries of various shapes.

Returning to FIG. 4, electrically conductive layer 404 b is patterned,in some embodiments, to form respective temperature sensors 408 for eachof the transducers 406 as well as various leads 410 a arranged toprovide electrical energy to the temperature sensors 408. In someembodiments, each temperature sensor 408 includes a patterned resistivemember 409 (two called out) having a predetermined electricalresistance. In some embodiments, each resistive member 409 includes ametal having relatively high electrical conductivity characteristics(e.g., copper). In some embodiments, electrically conductive layer 404 cis patterned to provide portions of various leads 410 b arranged toprovide an electrical communication path to electrodes 415. In someembodiments, leads 410 b are arranged to pass though vias in flexiblelayers 403 a and 403 b to connect with electrodes 415. Although FIG. 4shows flexible layer 403 c as being a bottom-most layer, someembodiments may include one or more additional layers underneathflexible layer 403 c, such as one or more structural layers, such as asteel or composite layer. These one or more structural layers, in someembodiments, are part of the flexible circuit structure 401 and can bepart of, e.g., elongate member 304. In addition, although FIG. 4 showsonly three flexible layers 403 a-403 c and only three electricallyconductive layers 404 a-404 c, it should be noted that other numbers offlexible layers, other numbers of electrically conductive layers, orboth, can be included.

In some embodiments, electrodes 415 are employed to selectively deliverRF energy to various tissue structures within a bodily cavity (e.g., anintra-cardiac cavity). The energy delivered to the tissue structures maybe sufficient for ablating portions of the tissue structures. The energydelivered to the tissue may be delivered to cause monopolar tissueablation, bipolar tissue ablation or blended monopolar-bipolar tissueablation by way of non-limiting example.

Energy that is sufficient for tissue ablation may be dependent uponfactors including tissue characteristics, transducer location, size,shape, relationship with respect to another transducer or a bodilycavity, material or lack thereof between transducers, et cetera.

In some embodiments, each electrode 415 is employed to sense anelectrical potential in the tissue proximate the electrode 415. In someembodiments, each electrode 415 is employed in the generation of anintra-cardiac electrogram. In some embodiments, each resistive member409 is positioned adjacent a respective one of the electrodes 415. Insome embodiments, each of the resistive members 409 is positioned in astacked or layered array with a respective one of the electrodes 415 toform at least part of a respective one of the transducers 406. In someembodiments, the resistive members 409 are connected in series to allowelectrical current to pass through all of the resistive members 409. Insome embodiments, leads 410 a are arranged to allow for a sampling ofelectrical voltage in between each resistive member 409. Thisarrangement allows for the electrical resistance of each resistivemember 409 to be accurately measured. The ability to accurately measurethe electrical resistance of each resistive member 409 may be motivatedby various reasons including determining temperature values at locationsat least proximate the resistive member 409 based at least on changes inthe resistance caused by convective cooling effects (e.g., as providedby blood flow). In some embodiments in which the transducer-based deviceis deployed in a bodily cavity (e.g., when the transducer-based device300 is part of a catheter system and may be arranged to bepercutaneously or intravascularly delivered to a bodily cavity via acatheter), it may be desirable to perform various mapping procedures inthe bodily cavity. For example, when the bodily cavity is anintra-cardiac cavity, a desired mapping procedure can include mappingelectrophysiological activity in the intra-cardiac cavity. Other desiredmapping procedures can include mapping of various anatomical featureswithin a bodily cavity. An example of the mapping performed by devicesaccording to various embodiments may include locating the position ofthe ports of various bodily openings positioned in fluid communicationwith a bodily cavity. For example, in some embodiments, it may bedesired to determine the locations of various ones of the pulmonaryveins or the mitral valve that each interrupts an interior surface of anintra-cardiac cavity such as the left atrium.

Referring to FIGS. 3A, 3B, transducer-based device or manipulableportion 300 may communicate with, receive power from, or be controlledby a control system 322. In some embodiments, elongate members 304 canform a portion of an elongated cable 316 of control leads 317, forexample by stacking multiple layers, and terminating at a connector 321or other interface with control system 322. The control leads 317 maycorrespond to the electrical connectors 216 in FIG. 2 in someembodiments. The control system 322 may include a controller 324 thatmay include a data processing device system 310 (e.g., data processingdevice system 110 from FIG. 1) and a memory device system 330 (e.g.,memory device system 130 from FIG. 1) that stores data and instructionsthat are executable by the data processing device system 310 to processinformation received from transducer-based device 300 or to controloperation of transducer-based device 300, for example activating variousselected transducers 306 to ablate tissue. Controller 324 may includeone or more controllers.

In some embodiments, the controller 324 may be configured to controldeployment, expansion, retraction, or other manipulations of the shape,positioning, or both shape and positioning of the transducer-baseddevice (e.g., manipulable portion) 300 at least by driving (e.g., by anelectric or other motor) movement of various actuators or other cathetersystem components.

In this regard, in some embodiments, some of which are described laterin this disclosure, the controller 324 is at least part of a controlsystem, which may include one or more actuators, configured to advanceat least part of the transducer-based device (e.g., 200, 300, or 400),at least a portion of which may be considered a manipulable portion, outof the catheter sheath 312, retract at least part of thetransducer-based device back into the catheter sheath 312, expand,contract, or otherwise change at least part of the shape of thetransducer-based device.

Control system 322 may include an input-output device system 320 (e.g.,an example of 120 from FIG. 1) communicatively connected to the dataprocessing device system 310 (i.e., via controller 324 in someembodiments). Input-output device system 320 may include auser-activatable control that is responsive to a user action.Input-output device system 320 may include one or more user interfacesor input/output (I/O) devices, for example one or more display devicesystems 332, speaker device systems 334, keyboards, mice, joysticks,track pads, touch screens or other transducers to transfer informationto, from, or both to and from a user, for example a care provider suchas a health care provider or technician. For example, output from amapping process may be displayed on a display device system 332.

Control system 322 may also include an energy source device system 340including one or more energy source devices connected to transducers306. In this regard, although FIG. 3A shows a communicative connectionbetween the energy source device system 340 and the controller 324 (andits data processing device system 310), the energy source device system340 may also be connected to the transducers 306 via a communicativeconnection that is independent of the communicative connection with thecontroller 324 (and its data processing device system 310). For example,the energy source device system 340 may receive control signals via thecommunicative connection with the controller 324 (and its dataprocessing device system 310), and, in response to such control signals,deliver energy to, receive energy from, or both deliver energy to andreceive energy from one or more of the transducers 306 via acommunicative connection with such transducers 306 (e.g., via one ormore communication lines through catheter body 314, elongated cable 316or catheter sheath 312) that does not pass through the controller 324.In this regard, the energy source device system 340 may provide resultsof its delivering energy to, receiving energy from, or both deliveringenergy to and receiving energy from one or more of the transducers 306to the controller 324 (and its data processing device system 310) viathe communicative connection between the energy source device system 340and the controller 324.

In any event, the number of energy source devices in the energy sourcedevice system 340 may be fewer than the number of transducers in someembodiments. The energy source device system 340 may, for example, beconnected to various selected transducers 306 to selectively provideenergy in the form of electrical current or power (e.g., RF energy),light or low temperature fluid to the various selected transducers 306to cause ablation of tissue. The energy source device system 340 may,for example, selectively provide energy in the form of electricalcurrent to various selected transducers 306 and measure a temperaturecharacteristic, an electrical characteristic, or both at a respectivelocation at least proximate each of the various transducers 306. Theenergy source device system 340 may include various electrical currentsources or electrical power sources as energy source devices. In someembodiments, an indifferent electrode 326 is provided to receive atleast a portion of the energy transmitted by at least some of thetransducers 306. Consequently, the indifferent electrode 326 may becommunicatively connected to the energy source device system 340 via oneor more communication lines (not shown in FIG. 3A) in some embodiments.In addition, although shown separately in FIG. 3A, indifferent electrode326 may be considered part of the energy source device system 340 insome embodiments. In some embodiments, the indifferent electrode 326 isprovided outside the body (e.g., on a skin-based surface) or at leastthe bodily cavity in which the transducer-based device (e.g., 200, 300,or 400) or catheter system 500 is, at least in part, located.

In some embodiments, the energy source device system 340 may include oneor more driving motors configured to drive movement, in response toinstructions from the controller 324, of various actuators or othercatheter system components to control deployment, expansion, retraction,or other manipulations of the shape, positioning, or both shape andpositioning of the transducer-based device (e.g., manipulable portion)300. In some embodiments, various manually operated or other cathetersystem components may be employed to control deployment, expansion,retraction, or other manipulations of the shape, positioning, or bothshape and positioning of the transducer-based device (e.g., manipulableportion) 300.

It is understood that input-output device system 320 may include othersystems. In some embodiments, input-output device system 320 mayoptionally include energy source device system 340, transducer-baseddevice 300 or both energy source device system 340 and transducer-baseddevice 300 by way of non-limiting example.

Structure 308 of transducer-based device 300 can be delivered andretrieved through a catheter member, for example, a catheter sheath 312.In some embodiments, the structure 308 provides expansion andcontraction capabilities for a portion of a medical device (e.g., anarrangement, distribution or array of transducers 306). The transducers306 can form part of, be positioned or located on, mounted or otherwisecarried on the structure and the structure may be configurable to beappropriately sized to slide within a lumen of catheter sheath 312 inorder to be deployed percutaneously or intravascularly. FIG. 3A showsone embodiment of such a structure. In some embodiments, each of theelongate members 304 includes a respective distal end 305 (only onecalled out), a respective proximal end 307 (only one called out) and anintermediate portion 309 (only one called out) positioned between theproximal end 307 and the distal end 305. The respective intermediateportion 309 of each elongate member 304 includes a first or frontsurface 318 a that is positionable to face an interior tissue surfacewithin a bodily cavity and a second or back surface 318 b oppositeacross a thickness of the intermediate portion 309 from the frontsurface 318 a. In various embodiments, the intermediate portion 309 ofeach of the elongate members 304 includes a respective pair of sideedges of the front surface 318 a, the back surface 318 b, or both thefront surface 318 a and the back surface 318 b, the side edges of eachpair of side edges opposite to one another, the side edges of each pairof side edges extending between the proximal end 307 and the distal end305 of the respective elongate member 304. In some embodiments, eachpair of side edges includes a first side edge 327 a (only one called outin FIG. 3A) and a second side edge 327 b (only one called out in FIG.3A). In some embodiments, each of the elongate members 304, includingeach respective intermediate portion 309, is arranged front surface 318a-toward-back surface 318 b in a stacked array during an unexpanded ordelivery configuration (e.g., FIG. 3A). In many cases, a stacked arrayallows the structure 308 to have a suitable size for percutaneous orintravascular delivery. A stacked array can allow structure 308 to havea spatially efficient size for delivery through a lumen of cathetersheath 312. In some embodiments, the elongate members 304 are arrangedto be introduced into a bodily cavity distal end 305 first. For clarity,not all of the elongate members 304 of structure 308 are shown in FIG.3A. A flexible catheter body or shaft 314 is used to deliver structure308 through catheter sheath 312. In some embodiments, each elongatemember includes a twisted portion proximate proximal end 307.

In some embodiments, the elongate members 304 are arranged in a fannedarrangement 370 in FIG. 3B, e.g., where they are angularly spaced withrespect to one another about an axis. Such an axis, in some embodimentsof FIG. 3B, may pass through opposite ‘poles’ of the fanned arrangement370, like axis 375 shown, for example, as a broken line in FIG. 3B.However, other embodiments are not limited to any particular fanningaxis. In some embodiments, the fanned arrangement 370 is formed duringthe expanded or deployed configuration in which the transducer-baseddevice (e.g., manipulable portion) 300 or structure 308 thereof ismanipulated to have a size, shape, or both size and shape too large forpercutaneous or intravascular delivery, for example a size, shape, orboth size and shape too large for percutaneous or intravascular deliverytoward a bodily cavity, or a size, shape, or both size and shape toolarge for percutaneous or intravascular delivery away from a bodilycavity. In some embodiments, the fanned arrangement 370 is formed duringthe expanded or deployed configuration in which the transducer-baseddevice (e.g., manipulable portion) 300 or structure 308 thereof ismanipulated to have a size, shape, or both size and shape too large fordelivery through a lumen of catheter sheath 312, for example, a size,shape, or both size and shape too large for delivery through a lumen ofcatheter sheath 312 toward a bodily cavity, or a size, shape, or bothsize and shape too large for delivery through a lumen of catheter sheath312 away from a bodily cavity.

In some embodiments, the transducer-based device (e.g., manipulableportion) 300 or structure 308 thereof includes a proximal portion 308 ahaving a first domed shape 309 a and a distal portion 308 b having asecond domed shape 309 b when the transducer-based device (e.g.,manipulable portion) 300 or structure 308 thereof is in the expanded ordeployed configuration. In some embodiments, the proximal and the distalportions 308 a, 308 b include respective portions of elongate members304. In some embodiments, the transducer-based device (e.g., manipulableportion) 300 or structure 308 thereof is arranged to be delivered oradvanced distal portion 308 b first into a bodily cavity when thetransducer-based device (e.g., manipulable portion) 300 or structure 308thereof is in the unexpanded or delivery configuration as shown in FIG.3A. In some embodiments, the proximal and the distal portions 308 a, 308b are arranged in a clam shell configuration in the expanded or deployedconfiguration shown in FIG. 3B. In various example embodiments, each ofthe front surfaces 318 a of the intermediate portions 309 of theplurality of elongate members 304 face outwardly from the structure 308when the structure 308 is in the deployed configuration. In variousexample embodiments, each of the front surfaces 318 a of theintermediate portions 309 of the plurality of elongate members 304 arepositioned adjacent an interior tissue surface of a bodily cavity inwhich the structure 308 (i.e., in the deployed configuration) islocated. In various example embodiments, each of the back surfaces 318 bof the intermediate portions 309 of the plurality of elongate members304 face an inward direction when the structure 308 is in the deployedconfiguration.

The transducers 306 may be arranged in various distributions orarrangements in various embodiments. In some embodiments, various onesof the transducers 306 are spaced apart from one another in a spacedapart distribution in the delivery configuration shown in FIG. 3A. Insome embodiments, various ones of the transducers 306 are arranged in aspaced apart distribution in the deployed configuration shown in FIG.3B. In some embodiments, various pairs of transducers 306 are spacedapart with respect to one another. In some embodiments, various regionsof space are located between various pairs of the transducers 306. Forexample, in FIG. 3B the transducer-based device 300 includes at least afirst transducer 306 a, a second transducer 306 b and a third transducer306 c (all collectively referred to as transducers 306). In someembodiments each of the first, the second, and the third transducers 306a, 306 b and 306 c are adjacent transducers in the spaced apartdistribution. In some embodiments, the first and the second transducers306 a, 306 b are located on different elongate members 304 while thesecond and the third transducers 306 b, 306 c are located on a sameelongate member 304. In some embodiments, a first region of space 350 isbetween the first and the second transducers 306 a, 306 b. In someembodiments, the first region of space 350 is not associated with anyphysical portion of structure 308. In some embodiments, a second regionof space 360 associated with a physical portion of device 300 (i.e., aportion of an elongate member 304) is between the second and the thirdtransducers 306 b, 306 c. In some embodiments, each of the first and thesecond regions of space 350, 360 does not include a transducer oftransducer-based device 300. In some embodiments, each of the first andthe second regions of space 350, 360 does not include any transducer. Itis noted that other embodiments need not employ a group of elongatemembers 304 as employed in the illustrated embodiment. For example,other embodiments may employ a structure having one or more surfaces, atleast a portion of the one or more surfaces defining one or moreopenings in the structure. In these embodiments, a region of space notassociated with any physical portion of the structure may extend over atleast part of an opening of the one or more openings. In other exampleembodiments, other structures may be employed to support or carrytransducers of a transducer-based device such as a transducer-basedcatheter device. For example, an elongated catheter member may be usedto distribute the transducers in a linear or curvilinear array. Basketcatheters or balloon catheters may be used to distribute the transducersin a two-dimensional or three-dimensional array.

In some embodiments, a manipulable portion, such as, but not limited to,a transducer-based device (e.g., 200 or 300) is manipulated totransition between a delivery configuration (e.g., FIG. 3A) and anexpanded or deployed configuration (e.g., FIG. 3B) manually (e.g., by auser's manual operation) or at least in part by way of motor-baseddriving (e.g., from the energy source device system 340) of one or moreactuators or other catheter system components. Motor-based driving mayaugment or otherwise be in response to manual actions, may be responsiveto automated control of a data processing device system (e.g., 110 inFIG. 1 or 310 in FIGS. 3A and 3B), or may use a hybrid manual-automatedapproach.

FIG. 5 illustrate mechanisms for, among other things, limiting spacingbetween elongate members (e.g., 304), according to some embodiments ofthe present invention. In this regard, FIG. 5 illustrate all or one ormore portions of a medical system, according to various embodiments.

FIG. 5A illustrates an intermediate portion 509 of an elongate member504, which may correspond to an intermediate portion 309 of an elongatemember 304 in some embodiments. The elongate member 504 may includetransducers 506, which may correspond to the transducers 220, 306, or406. The elongate member 504 may include material layers 505, which maycorrespond to the layers 404 and 403. FIG. 5A shows only two materiallayers 505 a, 505 b for example purposes only, although, as shown inFIG. 4, more layers may be present. In some embodiments one materiallayer (e.g., 505 a) may correspond to a flexible layer 403 from FIG. 4,an electrically conductive layer 404 from FIG. 4, or both a flexiblelayer 403 and an electrically conductive layer 404 from FIG. 4.

The elongate member 504 may include a first surface or side 518 a and asecond surface or side 518 b, which may respectively correspond to thefront surface 318 a and rear surface 318 b. In some embodiments, theelongate member 504 includes a notch 503 in at least one of the layers505 (the notch 503 is shown in FIG. 5A through only one layer forexample purposes only). Some instances of the notch 503 are called outin FIG. 3B, although more are present. In some embodiments, the notch503 includes an aperture 502 which passes through the elongate member504 from the first side 518 a to the second side 518 b. It should benoted that the shape of aperture 502 may take other forms than the pillshape shown in the figures, such as round, square, triangular,rectangular, or any other shape. In some embodiments, the aperture 502extends across a thickness of the elongate member 504 from the firstside 518 a to the second side 518 b. In this regard, the first side 518a may be considered to include the exposed top or front (e.g., tissuefacing) surfaces of multiple ones of the layers 505, according to someembodiments. In the example of FIG. 5A, the first side 518 a may beconsidered to include the exposed front (e.g., tissue facing) surface ofthe front-most layer 505 a in addition to the exposed front (e.g.,tissue facing) surface of the layer 505 b underlying layer 505 a wherethe notch 503 resides, such that the aperture 502 is considered to passthrough the elongate member 504 from the first side 518 a to the secondside 518 b.

In some embodiments, the elongate member 504 includes a flexiblecoupling 501, which may be a tie line, made from a material such asDyneema (a Trademark of DSM IP Assets B.V. LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANYNETHERLANDS Het Overloon 1 NL-6411 TE HEERLEN NETHERLANDS) Purity. Thetie line may have a braid specification: 4×25 dtex 25PPI, for example asmanufactured by Cortland Limited having a place of business at 44 RiverStreet, Cortland, N.Y. 13045, USA. A few instances of the flexiblecoupling 501 are shown in FIG. 3B, although others may be present. Theflexible coupling 501 may include portions 520 (shown in broken lines inFIG. 5A) located between adjacent material layers 505 (shown between abottom layer 505 b and top layer 505 a in FIG. 5A for example purposesonly, although in embodiments including more than two layers, theportions 520 may be located between at least two adjacent ones of thoselayers) in order to secure the flexible coupling 501 to the elongatemember 504. In some embodiments, the portions 520 located between layers505 may terminate at separate first and second ends, where the first endis represented with reference numeral 511, and the second end isrepresented with reference numeral 512. The portions 520 of the flexiblecoupling 501 located between layers 505 may be formed at such locationas part of the process of manufacturing the elongate member 504, so thatthe portions 520 (or first and second ends 511, 512 in some embodiments)are physically coupled to the intermediate portion 509 of the elongatemember 504, for example, by lamination, an adhering process, or othersealing process between adjacent material layers 505. The portions 520of the flexible coupling 501 located between layers 505 may be formed atsuch location as part of the process of manufacturing the elongatemember 504, so that the portions 520 (or first and second ends 511, 512in some embodiments) are, for example, laminated, adhered, or otherwisesealed between a flexible circuit assembly layer and a support structurelayer.

The flexible coupling 501 may exit from between layers 505 at points521, lay across the aperture 502 (i.e., not pass through aperture 502 insome embodiments), and extend transversely from the intermediate portion509 of the elongate member 504, the flexible coupling 501 extending withan elongated portion 513 to form at least a portion of a part 515 of aclosed loop 510 a that follows a continuous closed path. In someembodiments, another part (or the rest) 514 of the closed loop 510 a isformed by the elongate member 504. In some embodiments, the part 514 maybe an elongate portion of the elongate member 504 extending between afirst end portion (e.g., 511 or 520) and a second end portion (e.g., 512or the other 520) of the flexible coupling 501. In some embodiments, thefirst end portion, the second end portion, or both includes a respectiveterminating end of the flexible coupling 501. In some embodiments, thefirst end portion, the second end portion, or both does not include arespective terminating end of the flexible coupling 501. In someembodiments, the part 514 may be at least part of the intermediateportion 509 of the elongate member 504 between the layers 505 andbetween the portions 520, such part 514 being laminated, adhered, orotherwise sealed together to close the loop 510 a or the continuousclosed path thereof, according to some embodiments. In some embodiments,the part 514 of the closed loop 510 a is formed by the flexible couplingitself, for example, in some embodiments where the portions 511, 512 ofthe flexible coupling 501 are connected to each other so that the entireflexible coupling 501 is a closed loop, instead of having portions 511,512 separated as shown in FIG. 5A.

FIG. 5B illustrates a connection between a first elongate member 504 aand a second elongate member 504 b, each of which represents an instanceof elongate member 504. In this regard, each of a first flexiblecoupling 501 a of the first elongate member 504 a and a second flexiblecoupling 501 b of the second elongate member 504 b represents aninstance of flexible coupling 501 (flexible coupling 501 is shown inFIG. 5A). Collectively, elongate members 504 a, 504 b may represent twoadjacent elongate members 304.

In FIG. 5B, first flexible coupling 501 a extends under (i.e., along thesecond side 518 b of) the second elongate member 504 b and then up andthrough the aperture 502 (i.e., from the second side 518 b to the firstside 518 a) of the second elongate member 504 b, thereby creating a loop525 at an end of the first flexible coupling 501 a through which thesecond flexible coupling 501 b is received and passes. (Note that thebroken lines in FIG. 5 represent either the passing of a flexiblecoupling 501 under an elongate member or between layers 505 of anelongate member.) As shown in FIG. 5C, this looping arrangement withloop 525 limits a spacing between the elongate members 504 a and 504 b(e.g., at least the intermediate portions 509 thereof) so as not toexceed a defined amount (e.g., when the structure 308 or a similarstructure comprising elongate members 504 is in its expanded or deployedconfiguration or when the first flexible coupling 501 a is in a tensionstate).

In some embodiments, the first closed loop 510 a extends along a pathfrom the intermediate portion 509 of the first elongate member 504 athrough the aperture 502 (i.e., from the second side 518 b to the firstside 518 a of the intermediate portion) of the second elongate member504 b to a location where a portion of the flexible coupling 501 b ofthe second elongate member 504 b is arranged to extend or pass throughthe first closed loop 510 a (e.g., loop 525).

In some embodiments, the aperture 502 of at least the second elongatemember 504 b is sized to restrict movement of the first closed loop 510a through the aperture 502 from the first side 518 a toward the secondside 518 b of the intermediate portion 509 of the second elongate member504 b when a portion of the flexible coupling 501 b of the secondelongate member 504 b extends or passes through the first closed loop510 a. For example, as shown in FIGS. 5B and 5C, the loop 525 isrestricted from returning from the first side 518 a toward the secondside 518 b of the intermediate portion 509 of the second elongate member504 b through the aperture 502 of the second elongate member 504 b. Foranother example, in some embodiments, the aperture 502 has a sizesufficient to allow two portions or segments of a flexible coupling(e.g., two opposing portions of loop 525 of flexible coupling 501 afitting through aperture 502) to fit within it, but insufficient toallow four portions or segments of a flexible coupling (e.g., twoportions or segments of flexible coupling 501 b) to fit within it. (Notethat the thickness of the flexible couplings (e.g., 501, 501 a, 501 b)illustrated in the figures, the size of the aperture 502 illustrated inthe figures, or both, may be different than that shown, as theillustrated dimensions are for purposes of illustrating aspects of someembodiments.) In this regard, in some embodiments, when the flexiblecoupling 501 b of the second elongate member 504 b extends through loop525, the loop 525 may be prevented from returning through the aperture502 of the second elongate member 504 b not only by the flexiblecoupling 501 b extending through it, but also by a limited size of theaperture 502, which may be sized to prevent both flexible couplings 501a and 501 b from passing therethrough.

In FIGS. 5B and 5C, the flexible coupling 501 b extending transverselyfrom the intermediate portion 509 of the second elongate member 504 bmay form at least part of a second closed loop 510 b, according to someembodiments. In this regard, as shown in FIG. 5C, in some embodiments,no portion of the flexible coupling 501 a extending transversely fromthe intermediate portion 509 of the first elongate member 504 a isreceived through the second loop 510 b at least when the spacing betweenthe respective locations of the first and second elongate members 504 a,504 b is sized by a defined amount. In some embodiments, according toFIG. 5C, no portion of the flexible coupling 501 a extendingtransversely from the intermediate portion 509 of the first elongatemember 504 a is received through the second loop 510 b when the flexiblecoupling 501 a extending transversely from the intermediate portion 509of the first elongate member 504 a is tensioned. In some embodimentsaccording to FIGS. 5B and 5C, each of the first and the second closedloops 510 a, 510 b extends along a respective continuous closed path,each respective continuous closed path not encircling the otherrespective continuous closed path. For example, in some embodimentsaccording to FIGS. 5B and 5C, at least a portion of the flexiblecoupling 501 a exists outside of the continuous closed path of theflexible coupling 501 b, and vice versa. In some embodiments accordingto FIGS. 5B and 5C, the continuous closed path of the first closed loop510 a does not pass through the continuous closed path of the secondclosed loop 510 b (for example, at least when (a) the flexible coupling501 a extending transversely from the intermediate portion 509 of thefirst elongate member 504 a is tensioned; (b) the flexible coupling 501b extending transversely from the intermediate portion 509 of the secondelongate member 504 b is tensioned; or both (a) and (b)). In someembodiments according to FIGS. 5B and 5C, the continuous closed path ofthe second closed loop 510 b does pass through the continuous closedpath of the first closed loop 510 a (for example, at least when (a) theflexible coupling 501 a extending transversely from the intermediateportion 509 of the first elongate member 504 a is tensioned; (b) theflexible coupling 501 b extending transversely from the intermediateportion 509 of the second elongate member 504 b is tensioned; or both(a) and (b)). In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 5B and 5C, thefirst closed loop 510 a surrounds a portion of the second closed loop510 b at loop 525, but not vice versa, at least when (a) the flexiblecoupling 501 a extending transversely from the intermediate portion 509of the first elongate member 504 a is tensioned; (b) the flexiblecoupling 501 b extending transversely from the intermediate portion 509of the second elongate member 504 b is tensioned; or both (a) and (b)).In other words, in some embodiments, only one flexible coupling (e.g.,501 a) in a pair of adjacent flexible couplings (e.g., 501 a, 501 b)surrounds the other flexible coupling (e.g., 501 b) in the pair ofadjacent flexible couplings. Stated differently, in some embodiments,only one flexible coupling (e.g., 501 b) in a pair of adjacent flexiblecouplings (e.g., 501 a, 501 b) passes through the other flexiblecoupling (e.g., 501 a) in the pair of adjacent flexible couplings. Inother words, in some embodiments, the flexible couplings in a pair ofadjacent flexible couplings (e.g., 501 a, 501 b) do not (a) surround aportion of each other, (b) pass through each other, or both (a) and (b).In this regard, in some embodiments, the second closed loop 510 b doesnot extend along a closed continuous path that completely surrounds anyportion of the first closed loop 510 a at least in a state where thefirst closed loop 510 a extends along a closed continuous path thatcompletely surrounds any portion of the second closed loop 510 b, orvice versa, at least when (a) the flexible coupling 501 a extendingtransversely from the intermediate portion 509 of the first elongatemember 504 a is tensioned; (b) the flexible coupling 501 b extendingtransversely from the intermediate portion 509 of the second elongatemember 504 b is tensioned; or both (a) and (b)). Stated differently, insome embodiments, the first closed loop 510 a does not pass through anyportion of the second closed loop 510 b in a state where the secondclosed loop 510 b passes through any portion of the first closed loop510 a, or vice versa, at least when (a) the flexible coupling 501 aextending transversely from the intermediate portion 509 of the firstelongate member 504 a is tensioned; (b) the flexible coupling 501 bextending transversely from the intermediate portion 509 of the secondelongate member 504 b is tensioned; or both (a) and (b)).

FIG. 5D illustrates a securing mechanism 517, such as a staple or otherfastening device, that may be used to terminate the daisy-chainingstructure illustrated in FIGS. 5B and 5C. In some embodiments,respective openings 531 that pass through at least a portion of theelongate member 504 (e.g., notch 503, one or more layers 505, such asbottom layer 505 b shown in FIG. 5A) are configured to receiverespective ends 532 of the securing mechanism 517. As shown in FIG. 5E,the flexible coupling 501 b of the second elongate member 504 b may beterminated at a third elongate member 504 c (which may be an instance ofelongate members 504) by being tied to, or looped around, the securingmechanism 517. In this regard, FIG. 5F illustrates plan and side viewsof the elongate members 504 a, 504 b, and 504 c, according to someembodiments. FIG. 3B also illustrates an instance of the securingmechanism 517, according to some embodiments. In various embodiments inwhich securing mechanism 517 includes a staple-like form, various onesof the legs of the staple-like form may be secured to the elongatemember 504 by various techniques including welding, adhesive bonding, ora combination thereof.

FIGS. 5G, 5H-1, and 5H-2 illustrate some embodiments where a flexiblecoupling 501 connecting adjacent elongate members 504 is itself formedas a closed loop. For example, FIGS. 5G, 5H-1, and 5H-2 illustrate someembodiments where separated portions 511, 512 shown, for example, inFIG. 5A are connected, not separated. In this regard, the flexiblecoupling may be caused to form such a closed loop by knotting, adhering,fusing, or otherwise connecting the ends of such flexible coupling.

While FIGS. 5G, 5H-1, and 5H-2 illustrate some embodiments where theflexible couplings 501 are connected to elongate members 504 viaapertures 502 without any portion of the flexible couplings 501 locatedbetween material layers 505 of an elongate member 504, it should benoted that other embodiments may locate one or more portions of aflexible coupling 501 between material layers 505 at least as discussedabove with respect to FIGS. 5A-5F.

In some embodiments according to FIG. 5G, the flexible coupling 501 a isarranged as a closed loop that passes through the aperture 502 a of theelongate member 504 a with one portion 572 a of the flexible coupling501 a exiting the aperture 502 a in a direction heading above the first(e.g., front) surface 518 a of the elongate member 504 a, and anotherportion 572 b of the flexible coupling 501 a exiting the aperture 502 ain a direction heading underneath the second (e.g., rear) surface 518 bof the elongate member 504 a. The flexible coupling 501 a may thenextend underneath the adjacent elongate member 504 b (e.g., as shown bythe corresponding broken line in FIG. 5G) to a location 572 c where theflexible couplings 501 a and 501 b link to each other, according to someembodiments. For example, flexible coupling 501 b may pass through theclosed loop of flexible coupling 501 a at location 572 c according tosome embodiments. In some embodiments, flexible coupling 501 b isconnected to elongate member 504 b via aperture 502 b in a manner thatis similar to, or the same as, that employed to couple flexible coupling501 a to elongate member 501 a in FIG. 5G. The flexible coupling 501 bmay then extend toward a next elongate member (not shown) adjacentelongate member 504 b, in some embodiments. In this regard, portion 572d of flexible coupling 501 b may link to a flexible coupling (not shown)of the next elongate member (not shown) in a similar or same manner asflexible coupling 501 a is linked to flexible coupling 501 b in FIG. 5G.Accordingly, this process of connecting adjacent elongate membersaccording to FIG. 5G may be repeated to connect many elongate members,just as the processes of the other FIG. 5 may be repeated (e.g.,repeating FIG. 5C to a termination point as shown in FIG. 5F) to connectmany elongate members. Also as with the other FIG. 5 (e.g., FIGS.5D-5F), the connection process of FIG. 5G may terminate at a securingmechanism 517, according to some embodiments. It is noted that in someembodiments, at least part of flexible coupling 501 a of FIG. 5G mayextend through aperture 502 b of adjacent elongate member 504 b. Forexample, flexible coupling 501 a may extend through aperture 502 b ofadjacent elongate member 504 b and terminate at a securing mechanism(e.g., 517), according to some embodiments.

FIGS. 5H-1 and 5H-2 illustrate some other embodiments in which at leastflexible coupling 501 a is formed as a closed loop. FIG. 5H-1illustrates the flexible coupling 501 a in an intermediate, loose, statewhere it is not connected to an adjacent elongate member, according tosome embodiments. FIG. 5H-2 illustrates the flexible coupling 501 a ofFIG. 5H-1 in a tensioned state where such flexible coupling 501 a isconnected or coupled to adjacent elongate member 504 b, according tosome embodiments. As shown in FIG. 5H-1, according to some embodiments,the flexible coupling 501 a includes a first loop portion 570 a thatpasses through a second loop portion 570 b of the flexible coupling 501a. The second loop portion 570 b has passed up through aperture 502 afrom the second (e.g., rear) side 518 b to the first (e.g., front) side518 a of the elongate member 504 a when the first loop portion 570 apasses through the second loop portion 570 b, according to someembodiments. After passing through the second loop portion 570 b,according to some embodiments, the first loop portion 570 a is thenpulled over the second loop portion 570 b in the direction of the arrow571 towards an adjacent elongate member (e.g., 504 b) as shown in FIG.5H-2. In this regard, in some embodiments, the first loop portion 570 amay pass underneath the adjacent elongate member (e.g., 504 b), as shownby the corresponding broken lines of portion 570 a in FIG. 5H-2, andloop around the flexible coupling (e.g., 501 b) of the adjacent elongatemember (e.g., 504 b) at location 570 c, according to some embodiments.With reference to FIG. 5H-2, flexible coupling 501 b may be connected toelongate member 504 b in the same or similar manner that flexiblecoupling 501 a is coupled to elongate member 504 a. The flexiblecoupling 501 b may extend toward a next elongate member (not shown)adjacent elongate member 504 b, in some embodiments. In this regard,portion 570 d of flexible coupling 501 b may link to a flexible coupling(not shown) of the next elongate member (not shown) in the same orsimilar manner as flexible coupling 501 a is linked to flexible coupling501 b. Accordingly, this process of connecting adjacent elongate membersaccording to FIGS. 5H-1 and 5H-2 may be repeated to connect manyelongate members, just as the processes of the other FIG. 5 may berepeated (e.g., repeating FIG. 5C to a termination point as shown inFIG. 5F) to connect many elongate members. Also as with the other FIG. 5(e.g., FIGS. 5D-5F), the connection process of FIGS. 5H-1 and 5H-2 mayterminate at a securing mechanism (e.g., 517), according to someembodiments.

As will be appreciated by a person of ordinary skill in the art, it isnoted that the illustrations of flexible couplings 501 shown in variousones of FIGS. 3B and 5 may include distortions for clarity, such as thethickness, cross-sectional shape or size, or the manner and degree ofbending, propagation, or linking of one or more flexible couplings 501.For one example, the illustration of the linking of flexible couplings501 a and 501 b in FIG. 5H-2 is shown in a looser state than may bepresent in practice in order to more clearly show an example of how suchflexible couplings 501 a and 501 b may be linked. Corresponding commentsapply to at least FIG. 5G. Accordingly, some embodiments are not limitedto the particular thickness, cross-sectional shape or size, or themanner and degree of bending, propagation, or linking of one or moreflexible couplings 501 illustrated in the figures.

Advantageously, couplings such as couplings 501 a and 501 b can beeasily formed with a desired tensioned length that allows a spacingbetween adjacent elongate members 504 to be maintained at apredetermined or defined amount in the expanded or deployedconfiguration. For example, a coupling such as coupling 501 a or 501 bmay be accurately made by looping a tie line around an offset fixturepin and sandwiching the loose ends of the tie line between variouslayers that form the elongate member (e.g., as described above).Advantageously, flexible couplings such as couplings 501 a and 501 bgreatly facilitate the assembly of the elongate members into the finalstructure (e.g., structure 308), at least because continuous longlengths of tie line that connect many elongate members need not beemployed. In this regard, each of the flexible couplings (e.g., 510) ofsome embodiments may be relatively shorter than some conventionalapplications which use a long tie line to connect many elongate members,as each flexible coupling according to some embodiments, need onlyconnect to the adjacent elongate member (e.g., 504). Multiple shorterdistinct flexible couplings, e.g., 501 as according to some embodimentsof the present invention, can be easier to manufacture than a singlelonger flexible coupling since couplings between the elongate membersmay be concurrently made as the elongate members are assembled into thefinal structure (e.g., structure 308) rather than after the elongatemembers are assembled into the final structure.

While some of the embodiments disclosed above are described with respectto an intra-cardiac cavity, the same or similar embodiments may be usedfor other bodily cavities, for example, gastric, bladder, arterial, orany lumen or cavity into which the devices according to any embodimentof the present invention may be introduced.

While some of the embodiments discussed above illustrate a particularnumber of elongate members that may be daisy-chained using respectiveflexible couplings 501, it should be noted that the invention is notlimited to any particular number of elongate members that may beconnected. In addition, while some embodiments discussed aboveillustrate a particular number of connection points (e.g., apertures502) per elongate member by which the elongate member may be connectedto one or more other elongate members, it should be noted that theinvention is not limited to any particular number of such connectionpoints per elongate member.

While the embodiments discussed above illustrate the connection ofelongate members comprising transducers, the present invention is notlimited to this configuration and may be applied to any expandablemanipulable portion of an intra-cavity device that includes at least twoelongate members.

While the embodiments discussed above illustrate the connection ofelongate members along an equatorial intermediate region, the presentinvention is not limited to connecting elongate members in this region,and other regions may be used to connect the elongate members.

Subsets or combinations of various embodiments described above canprovide further embodiments.

These and other changes can be made to the invention in light of theabove-detailed description. In general, the terms used herein should notbe construed to limit the invention to the specific embodimentsdisclosed in the specification, but should be construed to include othermedical device systems including all medical treatment device systemsand medical diagnostic device systems. Accordingly, the invention is notlimited by the disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. A medical system comprising: a shaft member including a portion sized to be delivered through a bodily opening leading to a bodily cavity; and a structure physically coupled to the shaft member, the structure including a plurality of elongate members, the structure selectively moveable between a delivery configuration in which the structure is suitably sized to be deliverable through the bodily opening to the bodily cavity, and an expanded configuration in which the structure has a size too large to be deliverable through the bodily opening to the bodily cavity, wherein each of at least one elongate member of the plurality of elongate members comprises a respective plurality of material layers, wherein a first subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member contacts a second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member, an external surface of the first subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member forming part of a first surface of the one elongate member, an external surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member forming at least part of a second surface of the one elongate member, and the first surface of the one elongate member and the second surface of the one elongate member forming opposing surfaces on opposite sides of the one elongate member, wherein the first subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member includes a notch that exposes a surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member, the surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member that is exposed by the notch forming a portion of the first surface of the one elongate member, wherein an aperture interrupts the external surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member, and wherein the aperture avoids interruption of the external surface of the first subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member.
 2. The medical system of claim 1, wherein each elongate member of the plurality of elongate members comprises a proximal end, a distal end, and a respective intermediate portion positioned between the proximal end and the distal end, and wherein the notch is located within the respective intermediate portion of the one elongate member.
 3. The medical system of claim 1, wherein the notch extends from an edge of the one elongate member, the edge between the first and second surfaces of the one elongate member.
 4. The medical system of claim 1, wherein the notch has a trapezoidal shape.
 5. The medical system of claim 1, wherein the aperture interrupts the surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member that is exposed by the notch.
 6. The medical system of claim 5, wherein the surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member that is exposed by the notch surrounds the aperture.
 7. The medical system of claim 1, wherein the first subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member comprises an electrically conductive layer of a flexible circuit structure, and the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member comprises a metallic structural layer.
 8. The medical system of claim 1, wherein the one elongate member comprises a plurality of transducers.
 9. The medical system of claim 1, wherein the notch is a first notch, wherein a second elongate member of the plurality of elongate members is adjacent the one elongate member in the structure, at least in a state in which the structure is in the expanded configuration, and wherein the second elongate member includes a second notch in a location corresponding to a location of the first notch included in the first subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member.
 10. The medical system of claim 9, wherein the first notch and the second notch respectively extend from corresponding edges of the one elongate member and the second elongate member.
 11. The medical system of claim 9, wherein the second elongate member comprises a respective plurality of material layers, wherein a first subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the second elongate member contacts a second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the second elongate member, an external surface of the first subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the second elongate member forming part of a first surface of the second elongate member, an external surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the second elongate member forming at least part of a second surface of the second elongate member, and the first surface of the second elongate member and the second surface of the second elongate member forming opposing surfaces on opposite sides of the second elongate member, and wherein the first subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the second elongate member includes the second notch of the second elongate member, the second notch of the second elongate member exposing a surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the second elongate member, the surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the second elongate member that is exposed by the second notch of the second elongate member forming a portion of the first surface of the second elongate member.
 12. The medical system of claim 11, wherein the aperture is a first aperture, wherein the first aperture interrupts the surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member that is exposed by the first notch, and wherein a second aperture interrupts the surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the second elongate member that is exposed by the second notch.
 13. The medical system of claim 12, wherein the first aperture interrupts a region of the second surface of the one elongate member opposing the surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member that is exposed by the first notch, and wherein the second aperture interrupts a region of the second surface of the second elongate member opposing the surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the second elongate member that is exposed by the second notch.
 14. The medical system of claim 12, wherein the surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member that is exposed by the first notch surrounds the first aperture, and wherein the surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the second elongate member that is exposed by the second notch surrounds the second aperture.
 15. The medical system of claim 11, wherein the aperture is a first aperture, wherein a second aperture interrupts the external surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the second elongate member, and wherein the second aperture avoids interruption of the external surface of the first subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the second elongate member.
 16. The medical system of claim 11, wherein the aperture is a first aperture, wherein the first aperture extends from the first surface of the one elongate member to the second surface of the one elongate member, and wherein a second aperture extends from the first surface of the second elongate member to the second surface of the second elongate member.
 17. The medical system of claim 1, wherein each elongate member of the plurality of elongate members comprises a proximal end, a distal end, and a respective intermediate portion positioned between the proximal end and the distal end, and wherein the respective intermediate portions of at least two elongate members of the plurality of elongate members are angularly spaced with respect to one another about an axis when the structure is in the expanded configuration.
 18. The medical system of claim 17, wherein the at least two elongate members of the plurality of elongate members include the one elongate member.
 19. A medical system comprising: a shaft member including a portion sized to be delivered through a bodily opening leading to a bodily cavity; and a structure physically coupled to the shaft member, the structure including a plurality of elongate members, the structure selectively moveable between a delivery configuration in which the structure is suitably sized to be deliverable through the bodily opening to the bodily cavity, and an expanded configuration in which the structure has a size too large to be deliverable through the bodily opening to the bodily cavity, wherein each of at least one elongate member of the plurality of elongate members comprises a respective plurality of material layers, wherein a first subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member contacts a second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member, an external surface of the first subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member forming part of a first surface of the one elongate member, an external surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member forming at least part of a second surface of the one elongate member, and the first surface of the one elongate member and the second surface of the one elongate member forming opposing surfaces on opposite sides of the one elongate member, wherein the first subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member includes a notch that exposes a surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member, the surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member that is exposed by the notch forming a portion of the first surface of the one elongate member, wherein the one elongate member comprises a plurality of transducers, and wherein the notch is located between two adjacent transducers of the plurality of transducers, the two adjacent transducers adjacent along the one elongate member.
 20. The medical system of claim 19, wherein each elongate member of the plurality of elongate members comprises a proximal end, a distal end, and a respective intermediate portion positioned between the proximal end and the distal end, and wherein the notch is located within the respective intermediate portion of the one elongate member.
 21. The medical system of claim 19, wherein the notch extends from an edge of the one elongate member, the edge between the first and second surfaces of the one elongate member.
 22. The medical system of claim 19, wherein the notch has a trapezoidal shape.
 23. The medical system of claim 19, wherein an aperture interrupts the surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member that is exposed by the notch.
 24. The medical system of claim 23, wherein the surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member that is exposed by the notch surrounds the aperture.
 25. The medical system of claim 19, wherein the first subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member comprises an electrically conductive layer of a flexible circuit structure, and the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member comprises a metallic structural layer.
 26. The medical system of claim 19, wherein the two adjacent transducers are a first transducer and a second transducer, and wherein the two adjacent transducers have a spacing therebetween along the one elongate member that is different than a spacing along the one elongate member between the first transducer and a third transducer of the plurality of transducers, the third transducer adjacent the first transducer along the one elongate member, and the third transducer other than the second transducer.
 27. The medical system of claim 19, wherein the notch is a first notch, wherein a second elongate member of the plurality of elongate members is adjacent the one elongate member in the structure, at least in a state in which the structure is in the expanded configuration, and wherein the second elongate member includes a second notch in a location corresponding to a location of the first notch included in the first subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member.
 28. The medical system of claim 27, wherein the first notch and the second notch have corresponding sizes and shapes.
 29. The medical system of claim 27, wherein the first notch and the second notch respectively extend from corresponding edges of the one elongate member and the second elongate member.
 30. The medical system of claim 27, wherein the second elongate member comprises a respective plurality of material layers, wherein a first subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the second elongate member contacts a second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the second elongate member, an external surface of the first subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the second elongate member forming part of a first surface of the second elongate member, an external surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the second elongate member forming at least part of a second surface of the second elongate member, and the first surface of the second elongate member and the second surface of the second elongate member forming opposing surfaces on opposite sides of the second elongate member, and wherein the first subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the second elongate member includes the second notch of the second elongate member, the second notch of the second elongate member exposing a surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the second elongate member, the surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the second elongate member that is exposed by the second notch of the second elongate member forming a portion of the first surface of the second elongate member.
 31. The medical system of claim 30, wherein a first aperture interrupts the surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member that is exposed by the first notch, and wherein a second aperture interrupts the surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the second elongate member that is exposed by the second notch.
 32. The medical system of claim 31, wherein the first aperture and the second aperture have corresponding locations along the one elongate member and the second elongate member, respectively.
 33. The medical system of claim 32, wherein the first aperture and the second aperture have corresponding sizes and shapes.
 34. The medical system of claim 31, wherein the first aperture interrupts a region of the second surface of the one elongate member opposing the surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member that is exposed by the first notch, and wherein the second aperture interrupts a region of the second surface of the second elongate member opposing the surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the second elongate member that is exposed by the second notch.
 35. The medical system of claim 31, wherein the surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member that is exposed by the first notch surrounds the first aperture, and wherein the surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the second elongate member that is exposed by the second notch surrounds the second aperture.
 36. The medical system of claim 30, wherein a first aperture interrupts the external surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member, wherein the first aperture avoids interruption of the external surface of the first subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the one elongate member, wherein a second aperture interrupts the external surface of the second subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the second elongate member, and wherein the second aperture avoids interruption of the external surface of the first subset of the respective plurality of material layers of the second elongate member.
 37. The medical system of claim 30, wherein a first aperture extends from the first surface of the one elongate member to the second surface of the one elongate member, and wherein a second aperture extends from the first surface of the second elongate member to the second surface of the second elongate member.
 38. The medical system of claim 19, wherein each elongate member of the plurality of elongate members comprises a proximal end, a distal end, and a respective intermediate portion positioned between the proximal end and the distal end, and wherein the respective intermediate portions of at least two elongate members of the plurality of elongate members are angularly spaced with respect to one another about an axis when the structure is in the expanded configuration.
 39. The medical system of claim 38, wherein the at least two elongate members of the plurality of elongate members include the one elongate member. 